Source 1 · 2–5% (transient RLN palsy 2.0% in Rosato; clinical average ~2.8% in Jeannon) · Rosato et al., *World J Surg*, 2004 (n=14,934); Jeannon et al., *Int J Clin Pract*, 2009 · Clinical voice assessment — weakness the patient/clinician notices
Source 2 · Up to ~9.8% (average temporary palsy 9.8%) · Jeannon et al., *Int J Clin Pract*, 2009 (systematic review, 27 studies, ~25,000 patients) · Routine postoperative laryngoscopy — includes silent palsy not perceived by the patient
Why they differ
Assessment method, not operative risk. Laryngoscopy detects vocal cord paresis that produces no perceptible voice change; clinical assessment measures only the symptomatic deficit.
Adopted
2–5% by clinical voice assessment, with the method qualifier stated wherever the figure appears.
Justification
The patient-facing question is "will I notice a change in my voice?", which the clinical figure answers; the laryngoscopic figure is retained here, labelled by method, for completeness — the two are never averaged or merged.